Halliburton L.E., Jani M.G., Bossoli R.B.: Nucl. Gazzoli D., Occhiuzzi M., Cimino A., Cordischi D., Minelli G., Pinzari F.: J. in: Adsorption and Catalysis on Oxide Surfaces (Che M., Bond G.C., eds.), p. New York: McGraw-Hill 1972.Įaton S.S., Eaton G.R.: Bull. Elementary Theory and Practical Applications. Wertz J.E., Bolton J.R.: Electron Spin Resonance. New York: Wiley-Interscience 1967.Īlger R.S.: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. A Comprehensive Treatise on Experimental Techniques. Goldberg I.B., Crowe H.R., Robertson W.M.: Anal. Occhiuzzi M., Tuti S., Cordischi D., Dragone R., Indovina V.: J. In concentrated α-Al 2O 3-Cr 2O 3 solid solutions, magnetic interactions lead to paramagnetic species being undetectable. In MgO-MnO solid solutions of high surface area, detection problems arising from the variation of local site symmetry can be circumvented and almost all Mn 2+ are detected only by reducing the surface area. Application of quantitative EPR in the study of dilute MgO-MnO and α-Al 2O 3-Cr 2O 3 solid solutions, focussing on the circumstances making paramagnetic species undetectable, is reported. By contrast, none of the pure Cr 3+ compounds proved useful as primary standards because of their large fine-structure terms or high Néel temperature that invalidated the simple Curie law.
#Bruker epr standards tempo free
The paramagnetic species examined as pure solid compounds and solutions, were free radicals (DPPH and TEMPO), vanadyl and Cu 2+ ions ( S = 1/2), Cr 3+ ( S = 3/2) and Mn 2+ (5 = 5/2) ions.
#Bruker epr standards tempo series
To study their reliability as primary standards in the quantitative EPR spectroscopy, a large series of pure paramagnetic compounds with known spin concentrations, whose spectra vary considerably in intensity, shape, structure and overall width are compared.